Religious experience is not necessarily a matter of emotional processing (gone wrong) in the brain. Religious and non-religious emotional experiences can be distinguished on the basis of their respective correlated brain activity patterns; in particular, on the extent to which limbic areas are involved in each experience. Recent neuroimaging studies can fit with, support, and possibly broaden contemporary philosophical-theological understandings of religious experience. Neuroscience can provide an important link between the essentially embodied and the essentially cognitive (construed in terms of social-relational meaning and personal significance) nature of religious experience, proposed by contemporary theological-philosophical discourse. In this way, neuroscience can contribute to even more holistic theorizations of religious experience. Neuroscientific findings also can support the contemporary theological-philosophical (and, more generally, postmodern) understanding of the person, as a creative agent, not merely a reflex-responder.