Periphrastische Konstruktionen des Tschechischen

Junghanns, U. (1999):

Generative Beschreibung periphrastischer Konstruktionen des Tschechischen

In:
Anstatt, T., Meyer, R. & E. Seitz (Hrsg.): Linguistische Beiträge zur Slavistik aus Deutschland und Österreich. VII. JungslavistInnen-Treffen, Tübingen / Blaubeuren 1998. München: Sagner, 133-165.

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[ Beispiele aus dem Text ]

---> Bsp. (1) - (5)

---> Bsp. (6) - (10)

---> Bsp. (11) - (18)

---> Bsp. (22) - (29)

---> Bsp. (30) - (37)

---> Bsp. (38) - (43)

---> Bsp. (44) - (52)

---> Bsp. (53) - (60)

---> Bsp. (61) - (66)

---> Bsp. (68) - (70)

---> Bsp. (72) - (74)

[ Beispiele aus den Fußnoten ]

[ Abkürzungen ]

Summary

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Periphrastic constructions represent linguistic expressions that consist of a non-finite main verb and auxiliary elements. Traditionally, the parts of a periphrastic construction are believed to constitute a single form of the verb. In the paper I develop an alternative analysis making use of an explicit clause structure with a number of functional projections as the superstructure of the VP.

I claim that the participle / infinitive is base-generated as the main verb, projecting the VP according to its argument structure. My second claim is that auxiliary elements are generated in the functional head T(ense). This conclusion is derived from semantic considerations. Word order facts and phonology constitute independent evidence.

T contains the single auxiliary element of the Present Perfect [T perfect auxiliary], the Subjunctive I (= "kondicionál prézentu") [T subjunctive marker], the Periphrastic Future [T future auxiliary], the Participial Passive in the present tense [T present passive auxiliary] and the future tense [T future passive auxiliary]. If there is more than one auxiliary element, then there is a certain base order in T: a tensed auxiliary precedes any other auxiliary element. The subjunctive marker precedes any other auxiliary element (tense morphology and the subjunctive are mutually exclusive). The passive auxiliary follows any other auxiliary element. This treatment is developed from phonologically and semantically based principles. I suggest the following structures: for the Past Perfect [T [T perfect auxiliary] [T transposition marker]], the Subjunctive II (= "kondicionál préterita") [T [T subjunctive marker] [T transposition marker]], the Participial Passive in the present perfect [T [T perfect auxiliary] [T passive auxiliary]], the Participial Passive combined with the Subjunctive I [T [T subjunctive marker] [T passive auxiliary]], and the Participial Passive combined with the Subjunctive II [T [T [T subjunctive marker] [T transposition marker]] [T passive auxiliary]].

Clitic auxiliary elements move to C where they are hosted by an overt complementizer, an XP raised to the spec of CP, or, as a "last resort" solution, the participial main verb, the transposition marker, or the passive auxiliary. Non-clitic auxiliary elements can be forced to raise overtly if the subject moves to the spec of TP to leave the focus domain or if a P2-clitic needs support - the "last resort" operation as described above.

In sections 3-7 of the paper I discuss the five periphrastic constructions of Czech, outlining explicit syntactic analyses for each of them. Morphonological changes and placement of sentential negation are covered by the structural assumptions made. A coherent picture of periphrastic constructions emerges from the analyses, demonstrating that a limited number of functional heads in what can be called a universal hierarchy suffices in order to accommodate the Czech data.

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