The Stokes Structure for the Bessel Equation and the Monodromy of the Hypergeometric Equation

Preprint NTZ 3/2000


Authors: V. Gurarii  and  V. Katsnelson

Comments: 44 pages

Abstract: In the analytic theory of the linear differential equations one distinguishes regular and irregular singular points. In a neighbourhood of the irregular singular point any solution may be sought as the product of the three factors: of the appropriate exponential function, of a power function (with a non-integer exponent, in general) and of a Taylor series. The exponent of this power function and the Taylor series coefficients may be found algorithmically, by substitution of the product into the equation. The convergence radius of the Taylor series equals zero, so the series is a formal one. Despite of this the series coefficients save
in principle all information on the solution. This information may be recovered by means of a summation method applied to the series.
The Borel summation method provides a basis for such summation methods adjusted to the considered differential equation. In this paper this program is realised for the Bessel differential equation. The Hankel functions were chosen as a natural basis of solutions related to the infinity which is an irregular singular point for the equation. Both the Hankel functions are the Laplace transforms of the different branches of the same multivalued analytic function - the Gauss Hypergeometric function, which serves as the Borel transform
for each of these Hankel functions. Using this, we express the Stokes matrix for the Bessel Equation from an entry of a  connection matrix for the Hypergeometric Equation. The branching properties of Hypergeometric Functions play the crucial role here. The paper may be considered as an Introduction into the Introduction into the so-called Resurgent Analysis. This is the first manuscript in the presumed serie of manuscripts dedicated to the Laplace-Borel-like transforms adjusted to the differential equations in the complex domain.
 


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